...
Goal
...
(short
...
description)
...
Asterisk is an open source/free
...
softwareimplementation
...
of
...
a
...
telephone
...
private
...
branch
...
exchange
...
(PBX).
...
Like
...
any
...
PBX,
...
it
...
allows
...
a
...
number
...
of
...
attached
...
telephones(or
...
softphones)
...
to
...
make
...
calls
...
to
...
one
...
another,
...
and
...
to
...
connect
...
to
...
other
...
telephone
...
services
...
including
...
the
...
public
...
switched
...
telephone
...
network(PSTN)
...
if
...
gateway
...
hardware
...
is
...
installed.
...
Applicability
Prerequisites (OS,
...
dependencies
...
on
...
other
...
software)
...
You
...
must
...
install
...
these
...
packages
...
before
...
proceeding
...
with
...
the
...
installation
...
of
...
Asterisk.
...
- Linux
...
- 2.4
...
- kernel
...
- sources
...
- or
...
- kernel
...
- 2.6
...
- header
...
- files.
...
- (for
...
- libpri)
...
- bison
...
- and
...
- bison-devel
...
- packages
...
- (This
...
- is
...
- used
...
- to
...
- build
...
- Asterisk)
...
- ncurses
...
- and
...
- ncurses-devel
...
- packages
...
- (Used
...
- to
...
- build
...
- astman,
...
- etc.)
...
- zlib
...
- and
...
- zlib-devel
...
- packages
...
- openssl
...
- and
...
- openssl-devel packages
Download & build:
| Code Block |
|---|
wget [http packages h2. Download & build: wgethttp://ftp.digium.com/pub/asterisk/releases/asterisk-1.4.1.tar.gz ] wget [http://ftp.digium.com/pub/zaptel/zaptel-1.2.15.tar.gz] wget [http://ftp.digium.com/pub/libpri/libpri-1.4.0.tar.gz] tar zxvf zaptel-1.2.15.tar.gz cd zaptel-1.2.15/ make make install cd .. tar zxvf libpri-1.4.0.tar.gz cd libpri-1.4.0/ make make install cd .. tar zxvf asterisk-1.4.1.tar.gz cd asterisk-1.4.1/ ./configure make menuconfig \************************************\* Asterisk Module Selection ************************************\* \\ Press 'h' for help. \---> 1. Applications 2. Call Detail Recording 3. Channel Drivers 4. Codec Translato 5. Format Interpreters 6. Dialplan Functions 7. PBX Modules 8. Resource Modues 9. Voicemail Build Options 10. Compiler Flags 11. Module Embedding 12. Core Sound Packages 13. Music On Hold File Packages Asterisk Module Selection Press 'h' for help. \---> 1. Applications 2. Call Detail Recording 3. Channel Drivers 4. Codec Translato 5. Format Interpreters 6. Dialplan Functions 7. PBX Modules 8. Resource Modues 9. Voicemail Build Options 10. Compiler Flags 11. Module Embedding 12. Core Sound Packages 13. Music On Hold File Packages 14. Extras Sound Packages \\ \---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Navigate with these commands: {{}} scroll => up/down arrows (de)select => Enter select all => F8 deselect all => F7 back => left arrow quit => q save and quit => x Most of the *make menuconfig* options are self-explanatory, provided you know what the various applications or modules are for. When in doubt, accept the defaults. At worst you'll install something you don't need, or have to go back and add something later In the bottom of menu you will see the dependences of the module you are selecting. \\ Exit and save with x and write: \\ make \\ If you want samples and documentation: \\ make samples make progdocs \\ And finally installation: \\ make install \\ \\ h2. Configuration The directory with all configuration files is by default |
Configuration
The directory with all configuration files is by default /etc/asterisk/
...
The
...
basic
...
configuration
...
files
...
if
...
we
...
are
...
going
...
to
...
use
...
sip
...
protocol
...
are:
...
sip.conf
...
and
...
extensions.conf
...
CHANNELS
Asterisk support several types of channels, examples are: h.323,
...
sip,
...
iax,
...
zap,
...
etc
...
In
...
this
...
document
...
we
...
are
...
going
...
to
...
implement
...
sip
...
channels
...
and
...
for
...
this
...
we
...
use
...
sip.conf
...
configuration
...
file.
...
SIP.CONF
...
This
...
file
...
follows
...
the
...
general
...
syntax
...
in
...
configuration
...
files.
...
They
...
are
...
composed
...
by
...
sections,
...
variables
...
and
...
values
...
in
...
this
...
way:
...
[SECTION1
...
]
...
Variable1=value1
...
Variable2=value2
...
....
...
[SECTION2
...
]
...
Variable1=value1
...
Variable2=value2
...
....
...
There
...
is
...
a
...
[general
...
]
...
section
...
where
...
you
...
can
...
define
...
the
...
general
...
parameters
...
of
...
sip
...
channels.
...
For
...
example:
...
...
port
...
=
...
5060
...
;
...
Port
...
to
...
bind
...
to
...
bindaddr
...
=
...
0.0.0.0
...
;
...
Address
...
to
...
bind
...
to
...
context
...
=
...
sip
...
;default
...
'sip'
...
context
...
for
...
incoming
...
calls
...
You
...
have
...
to
...
define
...
one
...
section
...
for
...
each
...
sip
...
telephone
...
so:
| Code Block |
|---|
[phone1] type=friend host=dynamic defaultip=192.168.1.4 ;username=blah ;secret=blah dtmfmode=rfc2833 ; Choices are inband, rfc2833, or info mailbox=1000 ; Mailbox for message waiting indicator context=sip callerid="Me" <2124> [phone2] type=friend ;secret=blah host=dynamic defaultip=192.168.1.3 dtmfmode=rfc2833 ; Choices are inband, rfc2833, or info mailbox=1000 ; Mailbox for message waiting indicator context=sip callerid="Mini Me" <2123> \\ |
sip.conf
...
only
...
define
...
sip
...
channels,
...
not
...
the
...
dialing
...
plan
...
that
...
is
...
defined in extensions.conf.
...
Each
...
sip
...
channel
...
belongs to one context
DIALPLAN
EXTENSIONS.CONF
One of the most important ideas behind Asterisk is: an extension is a program that defines what will happen when a number is called. And this is done in extensions.conf that implements the dialing plan.
The syntax is similar to sip.conf with several sections:
[general]
- At the top of your extensions.conf file, you configure a few general settings in the section headed [general].
[globals]
- Next, in the [globals] section, you may define global variables (or constants) and their initial values.
Contexts and Extensions
- After the [general] and [globals] categories, the remainder of the extensions.conf file is taken up by the definition of the Dialplan. The Dialplan consists of a collection of contexts. Each context consists of a collection of extensions.
Extension Patterns
- When you define the extensions within a context, you may not only use literal numbers, not only alphanumeric names, but also you may define extensions that match whole sets of dialed numbers by using extension patterns.
The general syntax of extensions is:
exten => extension number, command priority, command
- Where exten if fixed
- Extension number is the number called
- Command priority is the order the commands are to be run
- Command is what is going to be done
Example:exten => 1,1,Dial(SIP/phone1,20,tr)
...
exten
...
=>
...
2,1,Dial(SIP/phone2,20,tr)
...
exten
...
=>
...
1000,1,Dial(SIP/phone1&SIP/phone2,20,tr)
...
*
...
When
...
somebody
...
calls
...
1
...
the
...
sip
...
phone1
...
will
...
ring
...
for
...
20
...
seconds
...
if
...
nobody
...
answer
...
the
...
call
...
will
...
fail.
...
This
...
sip
...
phone
...
has
...
to
...
be
...
defined
...
in
...
sip.conf.
...
- When
...
- somebody
...
- calls
...
- 2
...
- the
...
- sip
...
- phone2
...
- will
...
- ring
...
- for
...
- 20
...
- seconds
...
- if
...
- nobody
...
- answer
...
- the
...
- call
...
- will
...
- fail.
...
- If
...
- somebody
...
- call
...
- 1000 then the phone1 and phone2 will ring in parallel until one of them answer or 20 secons period finish. Since an extension may have a number of commands there may be multiple entries for an extension.
The complete extensions.conf file is:
| Code Block |
|---|
[general] ; then the phone1 and phone2 will ring in parallel until one of them answer or 20 secons period finish. Since an extension may have a number of commands there may be multiple entries for an extension. \\ The complete extensions.conf file is: \\ [general] ; ; If static is set to no, or omitted, then the pbx_config will rewrite ; this file when extensions are modified. Remember that all comments ; made in the file will be lost when that happens. ; ; XXX Not yet implemented XXX ; static=yes ; ; if static=yes and writeprotect=no, you can save dialplan by ; CLI command 'save dialplan' too ; writeprotect=no ; If clearglobalvars is not set, then global variables will persist ; through reloads, and even if deleted from the extensions.conf or ; one of its included files, will remain set to the previous value. ; clearglobalvars=no ; ; User context is where entries from users.conf are registered. The ; default value is 'default' ; userscontext=sip ; ; The "Globals" category contains global variables that can be referenced ; in the dialplan with the GLOBAL dialplan function: ; $ \\ {GLOBAL(VARIABLE)}\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ ; ${${GLOBAL(VARIABLE)}} or ${text${GLOBAL(VARIABLE)}} or any hybrid ; Unix/Linux environmental variables can be reached with the ENV dialplan ; function: $ \\ {ENV(VARIABLE)}\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ ; [globals] CONSOLE=Console/dsp ; Console interface for demo . ; Context sip [sip] exten => 1,1,Dial(SIP/phone1,20,tr) exten => 2,1,Dial(SIP/phone2,20,tr) exten => 1000,1,Dial(SIP/phone1&SIP/phone2,20,tr) \\ \\ \\ h3. ASTERISK CLI If you installed Asterisk in |
ASTERISK CLI
If you installed Asterisk in /usr/sbin,
...
then
...
to
...
run
...
it
...
write:
...
#/usr/sbin/asterisk
...
To
...
enter
...
in
...
CLI
...
interface
...
run:
| Code Block |
|---|
\\ \#/usr/sbin/asterisk \-rcvvvv Asterisk 1.4.0, Copyright (C) 1999 - 2006 Digium, Inc. and others. Created by Mark Spencer <markster@digium.com> Asterisk comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; type 'core show warranty' for details. This is free software, with components licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2 and other licenses; you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. Type 'core show license' for details. ========================================================================= == Parsing '/etc/asterisk/asterisk.conf': Found == Parsing '/etc/asterisk/extconfig.conf': Found Connected to Asterisk 1.4.0 currently running on lab2 (pid = 2448) \-\- Remote UNIX connection Verbosity is at least 15 lab2*CLI> \\ |
As
...
many
...
v's
...
you
...
write
...
more
...
verbose
...
output
...
you'll
...
obtain.
...
Main commands are:
...
- restart
...
- gracefully
...
- :
...
- Causes
...
- Asterisk
...
- to
...
- stop
...
- accepting
...
- new
...
- calls
...
- and
...
- perform
...
- a
...
- cold
...
- restart
...
- when
...
- all
...
- active
...
- calls
...
- have
...
- ended.
...
- restart
...
- now
...
- :
...
- Causes
...
- Asterisk
...
- to
...
- immediately
...
- hang
...
- up
...
- all
...
- calls
...
- and
...
- perform
...
- a
...
- cold
...
- restart.
...
- restart
...
- when
...
- convenient
...
- :
...
- Causes
...
- Asterisk
...
- to
...
- perform
...
- a
...
- cold
...
- restart
...
- when
...
- all
...
- active
...
- calls
...
- have
...
- ended.
...
- New
...
- calls
...
- are
...
- accepted,
...
- and
...
- only
...
- when
...
- all
...
- calls
...
- have
...
- completed
...
- is
...
- the
...
- restart
...
- performed.
...
- Use
...
- this
...
- command
...
- very
...
- carefully,
...
- as
...
- you
...
- have
...
- no
...
- way
...
- of
...
- knowing
...
- when
...
- the
...
- conditions
...
- for
...
- the
...
- restart
...
- will
...
- be
...
- met.
...
- On
...
- a
...
- busy
...
- system,
...
- the
...
- restart
...
- might
...
- not
...
- occur
...
- until
...
- well
...
- after
...
- you've
...
- forgotten
...
- you
...
- requested
...
- it.
...
- The
...
- best
...
- practice
...
- on
...
- a
...
- busy
...
- system
...
- is
...
- to
...
- execute
...
- restarts
...
- manually.
...
- sip
...
- show
...
- peers
...
- :
...
- List
...
- and
...
- displays
...
- the
...
- status
...
- of
...
- all
...
- peers
...
- with
...
- whom
...
- you
...
- are
...
- registered
...
- sip
...
- reload
...
- :
...
- Reloads
...
- the
...
- SIP
...
- channel
...
- module.This
...
- is
...
- the
...
- equivalent
...
- of
...
- performing
...
- a
...
- reload
...
- chan_sip.so.
...
- Reloading
...
- the
...
- SIP
...
- channel
...
- is
...
- required
...
- to
...
- load
...
- changes
...
- to
...
- sip.conf
...
- and
...
- sip_notify.conf
...
- into
...
- memory.
...
- Active
...
- SIP
...
- channels
...
- are
...
- not
...
- dropped
...
- during
...
- a
...
- sip
...
- reload.
...
- stop
...
- gracefully
...
- :
...
- Stops
...
- the
...
- system
...
- when
...
- all
...
- currently
...
- active
...
- calls
...
- have
...
- completed,
...
- and
...
- does
...
- not
...
- accept
...
- new
...
- calls.
...
- stop
...
- now
...
- :
...
- Stops
...
- immediately,
...
- terminating
...
- all
...
- active
...
- calls.
...
- stop
...
- when
...
- convenient
...
- :
...
- Stops
...
- the
...
- system
...
- when
...
- all
...
- currently
...
- active
...
- calls
...
- have
...
- completed.New
...
- calls
...
- are
...
- accepted,
...
- and
...
- the
...
- system
...
- will
...
- stop
...
- only
...
- when
...
- there
...
- are
...
- no
...
- longer
...
- any
...
- active
...
- calls.Using
...
- this
...
- command
...
- is
...
- not
...
- a
...
- good
...
- idea,
...
- since
...
- you
...
- have
...
- no
...
- real
...
- way
...
- of
...
- knowing
...
- when
...
- the
...
- necessary
...
- condition
...
- for
...
- stopping
...
- the
...
- system
...
- will
...
- occur.
...
Basic ASTERISK installation (1.4.1)
...