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Because you automatically upgrade your kernels, your VMs get clogged up with old kernels and headers. Example:

 

Code Block
visser@test-omega:~$ ls -la /lib/modules
total 32
drwxr-xr-x  8 root root 4096 Mar 15 06:47 .
drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 Sep  3  2014 ..
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Jan 16 02:50 3.13.0-71-generic
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Jan 16 02:51 3.13.0-74-generic
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Jan 20 06:53 3.13.0-76-generic
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Feb  2 06:37 3.13.0-77-generic
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Feb 23 06:35 3.13.0-79-generic
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Mar 15 06:48 3.13.0-83-generic

You should do some house cleaning by removing all old kernels, headers, and manually compiled modules. Make sure that you are running the latest kernel.

To list all installed kernels and accompanying headers:

Code Block
root@test-omega:~# apt-show-versions -b | grep -E 'linux-(headers|image(-extra)?)-[0-9]+'
linux-headers-3.13.0-71:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-74:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-76:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-77:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-79:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-83:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-83-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-83-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-83-generic:amd64/trusty-security

You can't just purge all of these because you will trash your current kernel. So you need to exclude that, preferably using the uname command:

Code Block
visser@test-omega:~$ uname -r
3.13.0-83-generic

So this will yield:

Code Block
visser@test-omega:~$ apt-show-versions -b | grep -E 'linux-(headers|image(-extra)?)-[0-9]+' | grep -v `uname -r`
linux-headers-3.13.0-71:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-74:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-76:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-77:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-79:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-83:all/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security

 

However this will also remove the headers of the current kernel, so we have to strip the -generic part from the uname output:

Code Block
visser@test-omega:~$ apt-show-versions -b | grep -E 'linux-(headers|image(-extra)?)-[0-9]+' | grep -v $(uname -r | sed -E 's/-[a-z]+$//')
linux-headers-3.13.0-71:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-74:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-76:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-77:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-79:all/trusty-security
linux-headers-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security

 

This looks good. Now we can purge these packages:

 

, which can eventually fill up your disk (space wise or inode wise). This is the way to remove all but the running kernel:

Code Block
visser@cajones:~$ sudo apt-get purge `apt-show-versions | cut -d":" -f 1
Code Block
visser@test-omega:~$ sudo apt-get purge `apt-show-versions -b | grep -E 'linux-(headers|image(-extra)?)-[0-9]+' | grep -v $(uname -r | sed -E 's/-[a-z]+$//')`
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Selected version '3.13.0-71.114' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [all]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-71'
Selected version '3.13.0-71.114' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-71-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-74.118' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [all]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-74'
Selected version '3.13.0-74.118' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-74-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-76.120' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [all]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-76'
Selected version '3.13.0-76.120' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-76-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-77.121' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [all]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-77'
Selected version '3.13.0-77.121' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-77-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-79.123' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [all]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-79'
Selected version '3.13.0-79.123' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-79-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-71.114' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-3.13.0-71-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-74.118' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-3.13.0-74-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-76.120' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-3.13.0-76-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-77.121' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-3.13.0-77-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-79.123' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-3.13.0-79-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-71.114' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-extra-3.13.0-71-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-74.118' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-extra-3.13.0-74-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-76.120' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-77.121' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-extra-3.13.0-77-generic'
Selected version '3.13.0-79.123' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-extra-3.13.0-79-generic'
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  linux-headers-3.13.0-71* linux-headers-3.13.0-71-generic*
  linux-headers-3.13.0-74* linux-headers-3.13.0-74-generic*
  linux-headers-3.13.0-76* linux-headers-3.13.0-76-generic*
  linux-headers-3.13.0-77* linux-headers-3.13.0-77-generic*
  linux-headers-3.13.0-79* linux-headers-3.13.0-79-generic*
  linux-image-3.13.0-71-generic* linux-image-3.13.0-74-generic*
  linux-image-3.13.0-76-generic* linux-image-3.13.0-77-generic*
  linux-image-3.13.0-79-generic* linux-image-extra-3.13.0-71-generic*
  linux-image-extra-3.13.0-74-generic* linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic*
  linux-image-extra-3.13.0-77-generic* linux-image-extra-3.13.0-79-generic*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 20 to remove and 35 not upgraded.
After this operation, 1,357 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

 

 

Removing set of e-mail address from another set of email address

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