...
Because you automatically upgrade your kernels, your VMs get clogged up with old kernels and headers. Example:
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visser@nagios:~$ ls -la /lib/modules/
total 44
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Jun 14 06:34 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 4096 May 31 06:50 ..
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Feb 8 01:58 3.2.0-37-virtual
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Feb 22 06:54 3.2.0-38-virtual
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Mar 19 06:42 3.2.0-39-virtual
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 9 06:45 3.2.0-40-virtual
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 May 2 06:45 3.2.0-41-virtual
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 May 16 06:54 3.2.0-43-virtual
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 May 24 06:26 3.2.0-44-virtual
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 May 31 06:50 3.2.0-45-virtual
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jun 14 06:35 3.2.0-48-virtual |
You should do some house cleaning, by removing all old kernels, headers, and manually compiled modules. Given that you run 48, and the oldest one is 37, this one liner does it for you:
...
, which can eventually fill up your disk (space wise or inode wise). This is the way to remove all but the running kernel:
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visser@cajones:~$ sudo apt-get purge `apt-show-versions | cut -d":" -f 1 | grep -E 'linux-(headers|image(-extra)?)-[0-9]+' | grep -v $(uname -r | sed -E 's/-[a-z]+$//')` |
Removing set of e-mail address from another set of email address
List of address with optional names, separated by whitespace:
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visser@rasputin:~$ cat addresses.txt
dick@TIENHUIS.nl Dick Visser
dnmvisser@Gmail.CoM Dick "Gmail" Visser
dnmvisser@yahoo.com
dick.visser@geant.org Dick Visser
visser@terena.org Dick's old address... |
Similar for a blacklist:
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visser@rasputin:~$ cat blacklist.txt
Dnmvisser@gmail.com Evil guy |
You can 'subtract' the blacklist using this Ruby one line:
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visser@rasputin:~$ ruby -e 'a = File.readlines("addresses.txt").map { |x| x.split.first.downcase } - File.readlines("blacklist.txt").map { |x| x.split.first.downcase }; puts a'
dick@tienhuis.nl
dnmvisser@yahoo.com
dick.visser@geant.org
visser@terena.org |